World view paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

World view paper - Essay Example The work groups may have a local set of values that significantly differ from the dominant culture. Many organizations related to health care, engineering, artists, and researchers have adopted the heterogeneity assumptions. The distinctive work paradigms and the demands of the occupations can easily marginalize the employees from the central organization. As a result, the workers try to cope with everyday frustrations and preserve their distinctive identity. They do so by working intensively together under a subculture (Bratton et al., 2010). The cultural heterogeneity affected my behavior as a doctor with a certain health organization. For example, we could collectively interpret the dominant value of providing the best possible care service to patients. However, the various professional groups frequently delivered care in a way different from the espoused value. Each group had a different interpretation from others of what best care means. For doctors, for instance, we interpreted it as eradicating the cause of the disease. On the other hand, occupational workers believed that it delivering care is helping patients to achieve improved life quality and greater mobility. These differing subcultures frequently clashed with one another and the central culture. Another theory, the symbolic- interactionist perspective, views organizational world as the all its members’ interactions put together. It assumes that culture is a vehicle that carries shared meaning (hence symbolic). It is brought about by the face-to-face encounters (hence inter-actionist) of workers and managers as they engage in daily workplace activities (Bratton et al., 2010). Thus, the organizational actors construct the culture, and then the networks of symbols and meanings among workers and managers reproduce it. Studying language, space, action, observable artifacts, beliefs, and values of the organization can thus help in

Gothic Cathedral in 12th-15th Centuries in Western Europe Essay

Gothic Cathedral in 12th-15th Centuries in Western Europe - Essay Example 91). There is speculation that the new style may have borrowed from Eastern styles which were used in Islamic architecture, but the main reason for the shift from rounded, rather solid and blunt shapes, to more elongated and graceful shapes is that builders acquired new techniques which gave them more freedom to try daring designs. These new building techniques shifted the weight bearing points so that walls could be both higher and lighter, thanks to the support from additional flying buttresses outside the main areas. Towns and cities embarked upon a kind of competition to outdo the efforts of neighboring places in producing the biggest, highest and most ornate Cathedral buildings possible. This meant that the Cathedral became more than the religious focal point of a city, since it began to represent the pride and ambition of the people of each city. The architectural principles of maximum height is important in the Gothic period, and this reflects the growing confidence of the Chu rch, allied with the town authorities, in in its mission of bringing salvation to mankind â€Å" Gothic forms symbolize the disappearance of the boundary between Man and God† (Frankl and Crossley, 2000, p. 277). The huge spires as in the Cathedrals of Cologne and Strasbourg, draw the eye to the heavens, and signify the aspirations of the people to praise God. The arches over doors and windows aquire a point as if to indicate once again the divine dimensions of life, and new materials from the quarries of Europe are used to beautify the external facades of rather plain buildings. Because of their extreme height, these Cathedrals became beacons and navigation points, serving to draw merchants and travellers into the cities. The floor plan of Gothic cathedrals was based on the figure of the cross, with the altar at the top, and areas for the choir or choirs at the sides. Rows of pointed arches created an impression of space within the main body of the Cathedral, and the inventio n of large scale stained glass windows added also considerable light. Smaller chapels and crypts were added around the main area of worship, allowing areas of intimacy as well as huge performance spaces for all kinds of pageant and ceremony. Long aisles were designed to provide space for processions and huge spaces catered for the burgeoning populations. All of this extra space allowed also the placement of sculptures inside the building as points for reflection and prayer, and on the facades outside as decoration. In Chartres Cathedral there are sculptures and images of Saint Peter at various points, reflecting the French Church’s loyalty to the Papal authority in Rome, and a particular veneration for this saint. Sculptures are important also as a focal point for pilgrims, and as teaching aids for congregations who were largely illiterate. In the Strasbourg Cathedral, for example, there is an ornate pillar of angels, constructed around 1230, which bears sculptures of the fou r evangelists, Christ the Judge, and angels with trumpets. This style of building is decorative as well as functional, and every corner provides an opportunity for symbolic adornment. The subject matter