Cases in Financial Management Essay Example for Free

Cases in Financial Management Essay Case Synopsis Established in 1984 Laurentian Bakeries Inc. works in the business of assembling an immense assortment of solidified heated items inside their three working plants in Montreal, Winnipeg and Toronto. The working plants produce things, for example, solidified pizza in Winnipeg, MB, pies in Montreal, QC and Cakes in Toronto, ON-with each speaking to 30%, 30% and 40% of the all out income stream individually. The purchasers for this organization incorporate enormous institutional customers such domino’s pizza, and so forth which have an altogether more significant level of intensity though the merchant of the items comprises of a few food makers which have a generally low degree of intensity. With the expense of setting up a plant of this scale being high, substitute items will likewise stay high in the market making the general net revenue be low. With the company’s progressing exertion for constant improvement Danielle Knowles (VP of tasks) proposed to extend one of the working plants in Winnipeg-which depended on the chance if the organization ventured into the U.S. advertise. Proclamation The announcement of the issue is the manner by which Danielle Knowles will set up a capital venture use proposition to extend the company’s solidified pizza plant in Winnipeg; which is steady and in accordance with the company’s capital assignment strategy. The proposition ought to likewise fulfill the company’s consistent exertion for development, recognizable proof of lost chances, fulfillment of HR and natural effects and give adequate ROI. Situational Analysis The qualities of the organization are obviously noticeable through the company’s viable activities and trustworthy picture in the business. Being one of the best five in the business, Laurentian Bakeries has set up themselves as a predominant player in the market; in any case, with a lack in limit it canâ potentially overwhelm the qualities because of its negative effect on the organization. This remembers a decline for deals and expected abatements in retailer support. All things considered, with the affirmation of a limit deficiency and a chance to extend and develop in the U.S. advertise the organization is by all accounts on favorable terms. Clearing out to an alternate zone among the opposition, all the items are comparable which show there is overwhelming rivalry. The nearness of various providers makes this industry exceptionally serious, therefore, there is high hostility among contenders. This is a main factor that demonstrates this isn't an appealing business to be in. SWOT ANALYSIS Qualities * Danielle Knowles has involvement with the food business for a long time. This is an incredible advantage for the organization, since she can utilize her insight and encounter and apply it for Laurentian Bakeries so as to improve tasks or even maintain a strategic distance from blunders. This consequently can possibly spare the organization from causing extra costs. * Danielle has her Master’s in Business Administration which demonstrates that she is instructed and has the accreditations to keep up her situation as the VP of activities. Additionally, Danielle can utilize that information and apply it to ordinary tasks of the organization. * Laurentian has better than expected thought for human asset and natural effects. This advantages the organization to the degree that it makes an open mindfulness which demonstrates their pledge to the network which consequently can conceivably be utilized as an advertising device to draw in more deals. * Laurentian organization is one of the five enormous firms that produce solidified nourishments commanding 21% of the market. This shows they are a predominant player in the market and have endure numerous troubles from different rivalries. * Well settled and beneficial organization which demonstrates that they have endure one full monetary cycle and have withstood their opposition. * The organization has an expanded income stream with three working plants situated in significant urban communities which are not as unsafe as a solitary income stream. * All three sections are beneficial. * Low cost pizza maker which is assisting with venturing into the US. Market. * Laurentian Bakeries has a coordinated workforce, for example, deals, showcasing, and so on for the entirety of their working plants. Shortcoming * Shortage of limit. On the off chance that this shortcoming isn't managed the organization can confront misfortunes in their business as a result of the deficiency. This consequently brings down the general benefit of the organization and can conceivably diminish purchasers on the off chance that they can't fulfill the need because of the lack. * Class 1 items are excessively unsafe and by taking such an incredible hazard any wrong doing can negatively affect the organization. Openings * Arrangement to gracefully huge U.S. based staple chain with private mark brand. In the event that the open door is exploited the organization can possibly observe higher figures in deals and benefits. * Since U.S. pizza utilization is 3x greater than the Canadian section the general US advertise is greater which can possibly prompt a higher piece of the overall industry. * Within N.A. the economy is recuperating unassumingly and is required to develop. This shows buyer spending on optional things, for example, food items will stay solid. Dangers * Inflation is determined to stay between 3-5%. This may cause loan fees to rise making the expense of capital increment higher than its present level. Capital undertakings, for example, extension may endure. * North American development pace of total national output eased back down which may bring down the organization deals. * Threat of new participants will build rivalry and is consistently a factor that makes the deals forceful. * Health Conscious customers will conceivably influence deals because of the items offered by Laurentian Bakeries are considered â€Å"unhealthy.† With on-going wellbeing mindfulness the items offered by Laurentian Bakeries probably won't fulfill the changing need of buyers. Porter’s Five Forces Buyer’s Power * Mixed Power. * There are two kinds of purchasers: huge institutional purchasers such asâ domino’s pizza just as enormous retailers. A large number of littler customers have less force as a result of their present low demographic base. Provider Power * Low Power. * Pizza providers disseminate creation to pizza stores, cafés and staple chain stores. Since there are various providers in the market for fixings, for example, cheddar, flour, vegetables, and so on they have low force. Boundaries to Entrant * High * Due to high capital costs, talented workforces, ecological guidelines, high appropriation channels, section into this industry is high. Danger of Substitute * High * The items offered by Laurentian, for example, their Pizza can be made at home or even bought straight from drive-through eateries. Additionally they can without much of a stretch be fill in for different items, for example, calzone, sandwiches, tacos, and so forth. Rivalry * High * There is high rivalry for the things offered by Laurentian Bakers. Rivalry for their pizza prepared things can without much of a stretch be subbed through diversified cafés, for example, Pizza, Boston Pizza, Pizza Hut, and so on likewise rivalry is high through different organizations offering similar merchandise. Furthermore, this organization is additionally contending with other food items instead of solidified pizza alone. Budgetary Analysis Budgetary Summary: Laurentian Bakeries is seeing a money increment from $6.2 million out of 1993 to practically twofold its estimation of $13.1 million out of 1995. Simultaneously long haul obligation for the organization has expanded by $7.23 million which showed that Laurentian Bakeries is subsidized by its drawn out obligation and has not used its money and consequently has brought about extra premium costs. Moving over to the marketing projections, Laurentian Bakeries has seen an expansion of 11% from 1993-95; be that as it may, total compensation is level which demonstrates that their COGS and working costs have additionally risen nearly at a similar pace as deals. This difficulty has no bit of leeway to the investors. Options 1. Proceed with unique intends to proceed with development in Winnipeg. 2. Construct a plant in U.S. to take into account that showcase. 3. Purchase a current plant. 4. Extend the Toronto plant as it is the most grounded plant for the organization. Suggestions Via cautiously breaking down all the other options, we suggest elective one as the best fit answer for this organization because of it being generally commonsense at the company’s current circumstance. We emphatically accept that proceeding with unique intends to grow in Winnipeg is the helpful answer for the organization as they as of now produce a similar sort of items and have the extra land to convey forward the extension, since this plant is a minimal effort maker and is perfect to use the U.S private mark area. What's more, this option is gainful on the grounds that it is steady with the company’s by and large goals. Given the markdown pace of 18% and a $5.2 million capital venture the NPV of the normal income is sure. In addition, suggestion one is the most appropriate for this organization on the grounds that: * There is land promptly accessible in Winnipeg. This can set aside the organization some cash as far as the extension in light of the fact that these will acquire less of a cost due to Laurentian possessing the additional land space. * Building a plant in U.S. will require a great deal of capital, extra costs for recruiting, preparing, and so forth., and likely change underway, the executives or different procedures because of various guidelines in U.S. * Expanding in Toronto will likewise require extra capital and extra an ideal opportunity to recruit and train the workforce to deliver the pizza items which aren’t created in the Toronto office.

Promoting the Erie Canal Essay Example For Students

Advancing the Erie Canal Essay In 1825 Charles G. Haines just started to serve asGovernor George De Witt Clintons secretary, here hewrote about the civic chairmen sees on the Erie Canal venture. Haines was at that point an immense supporter of this item so hetook incredible satisfaction recorded as a hard copy this paper about the entire venture. He quickly depicts that the arrangement is separated into threesections: Lake Erie to the Senaca River, Senaca to Rome,and from Rome at long last associating with the Hudson Riverwhich in the long run dumps into the Atlantic Ocean. Haines started to go further on in his report telling how hefeels that this GRAND CANAL will launch New York tothe status of The London of America. The individuals whowere backing this undertaking and these cases may have gottencarried away with themselves when they began talkingabout how they needed to associate the Mississippi Riverwith New York. This thought sounded great on paper yet aswe now realize it never was placed into impact, either for need ofmoney or the usage of the interstate framework inAmerica. I really loved this article a tad, it didn't exhaust me likethe others and I had the option to track with the readingeasily. I don't have the foggiest idea whether the Erie Canal was what originallystarted New York off to its noticeable status, yet NewYork sure is today extremely effective. As Haines hadenvisioned it in those days, today it has a decent case for beingThe London of America.Miscellaneous

Literature Review on True and Fair View

Question: Examine about theLiterature Review on True and Fair View. Answer: Presentation The valid and reasonable view (TFV) idea whose birthplace can be followed back in any event to the Joint Stock Companies Registration and Regulation Act of 1844 (UK), that necessary arrangement of full and reasonable accounting reports is as yet vital to corporate money related revealing systems in the UK and numerous other English talking nations of the world. It developed as a gadget for abridging the deceitful exercises of corporate go getters that obstructed the productive working of corporate private enterprise - a cutting edge western European marvel which began in the sixteenth century and was sent out to the remainder of the world by political expansionism and financial domain building (Zeff, 2016). Since the issuance of the European Communitys Fourth Directive in July 1978, this idea has additionally been reached out to the countries of the European Economic Community5 and all the more as of late received by the Nordic nations as well.6 Notwithstanding the across the board u tilization of this term, its translation has been the subject of contest among bookkeepers and legal counselors since the time it was officially presented by the Companies Act 1948 (UK) and the reason served by it stays hazy. In Australia, the TFV idea has been in the organizations enactment since the Victorian Companies Act of 1890.8 Following the revisions to the Corporations Law 1989 radiating from the Corporate Law Economic Reform Program 1997-1998; in any case, its status has been subjected by the Australian bookkeeping guidelines. The Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) presently makes consistence with bookkeeping measures compulsory (s296) and the TFV prerequisite is to be fulfilled through the notes, just if important (s297). What's more, the legal arrangements of the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) (recently alluded to as the Corporations Law) that bolstered the TFV necessity (old s294 and Schedule 5) have likewise been revoked. The valid and reasonable view idea is one of two contending yet not fundamentally unrelated lawful or expert norms for money related revealing quality that have been liable to banter on their significance, use and significance. The other is available decently as per sound accounting guidelines. While the previous is firmly related to judgment and is utilized in the European Union, Singapore, Australia, and New Zealand, the last is the standard for United States monetary detailing and will in general be more guidelines based. The valid and reasonable view legitimate necessity either abrogates other money related detailing prerequisites (EU3 and Singapore) or is extra (Australia and New Zealand). Australia has comparable pilgrim roots and would in general follow the U.K. model, particularly in early enactment (Man Ciurea, 2016). Nonetheless, the two nations give off an impression of being moving endlessly from valid and reasonable as a strict idea to a progressively specialized implyin g that likewise requires consistence with a lot of rules incorporated a timetable of rules for reviewing and bookkeeping, together with the superseding necessity for a valid and reasonable view. Be that as it may, the Companies Act 1993, related to the Financial Reporting Act 1993, requires fiscal summaries that conform to sound accounting guidelines (GAAP) with an extra necessity of valid and reasonable view. Preceding the death of the 1993 Acts, it was proposed that organizations could utilize the administrative intensity of valid and reasonable view to abstain from conforming to GAAP. It is asserted that the 1993 enactment successfully expelled this choice for organizations that are revealing substances. Along these lines the valid and reasonable view rule is done superseding, yet coincides with GAAP in that, while following GAAP is a legitimate necessity, executives despite everything have the commitment to give extra data to guarantee that the monetary reports speak to substanc e just as structure. Following a separating way from U.K. impacts, the researchers likewise utilizes the terms reasonably reflect and reasonable introduction and states that the terms are identical. This may perhaps flag a move away from valid and reasonable view towards the U.S.A. necessity for reasonable introduction. The primarily prescriptive writing proposes that nations that require consistence with valid and reasonable view will in general address and decipher the idea as indicated by nation explicit recorded, social, social, legitimate, political and monetary roots and situations. This has been affirmed by before exact research. Consequently the idea has been depicted as an equation for worldwide disharmony and as an activity in dehumanization. However the disharmony may not be bound to various national societies, yet may incorporate inside nation gatherings. In the event that terms, for example, valid and reasonable view and present decently have various implications for various members in budgetary bookkeeping, they may add to a desires hole. This hole is characterized here as the distinction between the observations and desires clients have of universally useful fiscal summaries quality and meaning, and the quality and significance of broadly useful budget summaries the bookkeeping callin g gets ready and reviews. Nobes (2015) portrays this compactly as the hole between what budget reports mean and what numerous non-bookkeepers think they mean. In spite of the fact that the review desire hole has been broadly investigated, the money related announcing hole can possibly be progressively broad and additionally deceptive to clients. The review hole emerges from varying translations of an inspectors job, though the money related revealing hole may exist as a result of a relentless absence of truth in GAAP itself or from a hole in impression of principles for monetary detailing quality held by budget summary clients, preparers and evaluators The valid and reasonable view idea has not been definitively characterized. A few ways to deal with definition think about obvious and reasonable view in relationship to its individual segments. The researchers bring up the issue of whether the terms valid and reasonable together add up to more than their different parts and proposes neither surmises the other. In spite of the fact that Nobes and Parkers 1991 review of U.K. reviewers reasoned that most of evaluators recognized the terms valid and reasonable, their 1991 study of U.K. chiefs discovered most considered consistent with be reasonable view as a hendiadys. () discovered Australian chiefs likewise didn't recognize valid and reasonable. Following the valid and reasonable view ideas history in Australia, Parker (1994) presumed that the term had become an activity in deharmonisation among Australia and the U.K. Researchers reached a comparative resolution when they looked at the U.K. discoveries of Nobes and Parker (1991) on inspector discernments with those of an Australian investigation. As detailed by () the overview of Australian reviewers found, as opposed to Nobes and Parkers U.K. discoveries, that solitary 7 percent of Australian reviewers rather than 80 percent (U.K.) separated valid from reasonable. Piketty and Ganser (2014) considered this to be as proof that the mentalities to valid and reasonable view in the two nations varied because of bookkeeping works on drawing separated, con-firming the social and relevant nature of bookkeeping. Giordano-Spring, Martinez and Vidal (2015), found that, similar to their Australian partners, most New Zealand reviewers additionally considered consistent with be reasonable as a hendiadys. This outcome is likewise predictable with a significant part of the engaging writing. In the US we have as of late saw the falls of Enron and WorldCom. In Australia we have had HIH, One.Tel and Harris Scarfe. While there has been an inclination to accuse the reviewers, these catastrophes have not been brought about by examining rehearses. Awful administration is definitely an underlying driver. In any case, deluding accounts serve to worsen the demolition, with financial specialists purchasing and selling on the stock trade ignorant of what the records are neglecting to unveil (Denoncourt, 2015). Something is truly off-base when the budget reports of evidently solid however, as a general rule, destined organizations have to a great extent consented to the requests of bookkeeping norms. The Corporations Act 2001 necessitates that budgetary reports of Australian open organizations to both consent to bookkeeping guidelines and give a valid and reasonable view of the money related position and execution of the organization. In the event that there is a contention between the two necessities, at that point the valid and reasonable view must be reflected through additional data consolidated in the notes to the records. The logical update which went with the 1998 revisions to the Corporations Law, embeddings a reference, just because, to the budgetary position and execution of the organization, expressed that this methodology was seen as being predictable with data that is pertinent to the evaluation of execution, monetary position and financing and contributing (Edwards, 2013). A transition to advertise esteem and financially reasonable bookkeeping, through an imprint to showcase approach, is important to give such a valid and reasonable view. Some state this would acqui re an excess of subjectivity and an excessive amount of judgment and should accordingly to be completely dismissed. There is no understanding or definitive court decisions on what valid and reasonable view implies. The prerequisite is to give a valid and reasonable view not the valid and reasonable view, so that there might be a scope of adequate perspectives in some random case. However, in light of the fact that we can't locate a one size fits all definition doesn't imply that we are qualified for render the idea absolutely without content and in this manner futile. Regardless of whether imprint to advertise bookkeeping is embraced, it is past contention that much of the time consistence with bookkeeping gauges can and produces bizarre and deceiving accounts that not the slightest bit consent to the valid and reasonable view prerequisite (Giordano-Spring, Martinez Vidal, 2015). It's obvious from late proof that, practically speaking, the individuals who review our organizations either don't comprehend, or, all the more alarmingly, decide to disregard their legitimately commanded commitments t

Social Networking and Interpersonal Relationships - 2200 Words

How Social Networking Shapes Interpersonal Relationships (Annotated Bibliography Sample) Content: Students NameInstructors NameCourse DateHow Social Networking Shapes Interpersonal RelationshipsThe advancement of social network sites have not only helped people maintain preexisting social relationships, but also have made people establish new friendships online without having to meet physically. While such technological innovation have different benefits in the society, some scholars warn that its continuous use shape people interpersonal relationships from what the society has always been associated with. Although different authors have different thoughts on this issue, a majority think that the use of social networking is negatively affecting peoples interpersonal relationship. While others view the phenomenon as a social change, which people would eventually adapt to and be able to produce desirable social interactions, others views it as a means of causing social isolation and eroding social cohesion, destroying the tight interpersonal relationships that previ ously dominated the traditional society setup. à ¯Ã‚ ¿ Baek,à ¯Ã‚ ¿Young Min, Bae Young,and Jang Hyunmi. "Social and Parasocial Relationships on Social Network Sites and Their Differential Relationships with Usersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Psychological Well-Being." à ¯Ã‚ ¿Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 16.7, (2013): 512-517. Print.The authors have focused on identifying different types of social network sites (SNS) and how, they relate in shaping social relationships. The article investigates how SNSs cause social isolation and erosion of social of cohesion. The study elucidates how SNS affects users psychological well-being by subjecting individuals to loneliness and SNS addiction that eventually affects individuals interpersonal trust (Baek 512). Conversely, the article has raised the issue that some scholars think that SNS strengthen pre-existing human networks, which in turn promotes interpersonal trust by reducing loneliness. Such a notion is however, rejected by oth er researchers who believe that SNS reduces the quality of relationship by inhibiting face-to-face interaction, which is vital for strong relationship development as it provides the hallmark for strong interpersonal trust. The authors adopt the concept of parasocial relationships that tries to explain on unidirectional relationships where participants within a SNS friendship are sometimes unaware about the other partiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ activities as far as the relationship is concernedà ¯Ã‚ ¿(Baek 515). For instance, a person may have befriended a celebrity online, where the person knows all the activities of the celebrity, but the celebrity does not know anything to do with the person. This is real sense leaves the person lonely despite the existence of the perceived friendship with the online friend.The study exhibits a weakness of not having tackled on how SNS affects the intensity of the relationships discussed. It has inadequately explained how SNS influences on intensely interacti ve relationships such as those involving family members or close friends. However, the study demonstrates how SNS affects interpersonal relationship among people who have met online and have little mutual knowledge about each otherà ¯Ã‚ ¿(Baek 516). It has also explained well on how mediated relationship characterized by face-to-face interaction work to foster social trust and a sense of belongingness. Owing to its reliability as a research source material, the study provides reliable information suitable for my research. Its discussion on how SNS affects individual social interaction and the issue of social trust is important in providing a clear insight how social networking shapes interpersonal relationships. Burke, Moira. Reading, Writing, Relationships: The Impact of Social Network Sites on Relationships and Well-Being. (2012). Carnegie Mellon University: à ¯Ã‚ ¿Dissertations. Paper 185. Print.In this master dissertation paper, the author starts by affirming that the modern s ociety is characterized by people embracing establishing online relationship in the expense of offline personal relationships. According to the authors research, the Americans community is experiencing a decline in the number of close friendships (Burke 70). This is because millions of the people in the country focus on establishing new relationships online where they have fewer confidants and tend to trust each other less. The author also brings out the point that users of social networks have a stronger social integration and stronger relationship than their offline counterparts. The study has focused on researching how the use of different social networks influences the quality of individuals social ties and their overall well-being. It adapted a methodology where communication activities were observed from the server logs of various social networks sites in addition to self-reports of different users concerning their well-being and the strength of their social ties (Burke 11). T he study conclusion affirms that face-to-face communication between individuals can be linked with the greatest increase in well-being According to the author, online social network influence on individuals interpersonal relationships depends much on how people communicate and interact with one another and whom they interact with (Burke 31). The study provide relevant information for my research as it has include contributions concerning social interactions between passively online friends and those interacting one-on-one, besides focusing on how online social networks affect different kinds of users. The only limitation of the study is that it has failed to account how the content of communication exchanges can influence individuals interpersonal relationships. I believe the study provide relevant information suitable for my research owing to the detailed information and a wide spectrum of research presented by the author. Having approved by a reputable University, the paper offers a reliable material for further research in the topic. Fowlkes, Jasmine. Viewpoint: Why social media is destroying our social skills. USA Today. (October 11, 2012). Web. 25 Nov. 2014..In this website, the author has narrated that social media platforms are taking over as the main communication channels among students and young adults. The author is concerned that with the growing trend of social media dominating online and offline conversations, family members and friends are more likely to prefer communicating and interacting through electronic devices than communicating through the conventional face-to-face way that human are used to (Fowlkes). According to the article, researches exist affirming that social media interactions are destroying peoples interpersonal social skills. One in every four people sends more time socializing online than they do in person. As more generations embrace social media as the main channels of communication, people would eventually develops difficul ties communicating in person with peers. A person would prefer to stay indoors and interact with his/her friends through online social media than to catch up in person and make memories that are important in fostering stronger relationships. The author goes further to give guidance on how people can avoid their over dependence of social media to facilitate a healthy interaction with their peers and family members. Owing to the credibility of the website, the information provided therein is relation for my research. The authors reaction to the issue is similar to what other scholars think about the influence of social media in shaping interpersonal relationships and this makes it relevant for my study. The inclusion of the guidance to avoid the over dependence on social media has provide additional information that would help in expanding my research, especially in providing the necessary recommendations on the same, if needed. Park Namsu, Kee F. Kerk, and Valenzuela n Sebastia ´. Being Immersed in Social Networking Environment: Facebook Groups, Uses and Gratifications, and Social Outcomes. Cyberpsychology Behavior, 12.6, (2009): 729-733. Print. This study has focused on portraying social media platforms in a different way from what a majority of scholars about the innovation in shaping interpersonal relationships. The study, which was conducted among college students on Facebook exposes that social media gives people the chance to express their interests and opinion in ways many could not do in the real world situation. Through such facilities as Facebook groups, users can be involved in forums that interest them promoting social interactions in various scopes of the society (Park et al. 732). Social medial have helped people increased their civic and political participation in the society and in other areas of interests such as entertainment where people of the same interest can converge and share their different experiences pertaining to their commonality . According to the study, social media increases the chances of people satisfying their socialization needs by providing a sense of community that supports one interest and beliefs. In this regard, people tend to be more active in communicating and interacting since they find it enjoyable thus promoting their interpersonal relationships. Conversely, the study exhibit a weakness in that it did not include a diversified population by focusing on only students from Texas, in the U.S (Park et al. 731). This limits the generalization of the finding, as it cannot be applied especially on populations with values such as valuing personal relationships and personal communication. For my research, the article provides a reliable source of necessary information needed in creating a wide understanding of how different people perceive the...

Early American Non Fiction Essay - 1299 Words

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On J uly 4th, 1776, one of the most expertly crafted documents of all time was written and adopted by the United States Congress. Throughout the Declaration of Independence, the citizens of America are able to see numerous examples of Thomas Jefferson using the persuasive writing technique of Pathos. Pathos is a persuasive writing technique in which the author uses emotional or motivational appeals along with vivid language in order to persuade the audience to agree with his ideas. The firstShow MoreRelatedThe Things I Know Nothing At All : A Little Thing From Experience1632 Words   |  7 PagesNothing at All: A Little Thing from Experience. The genre is diverse and falls under the categories of prose poetry, micro fiction, or creative non-fiction. It is inspired by Anne Carson’s Short Talks where she analyzes different subjects that are interconnected on a grander scheme. 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Their Eyes Were Watching God - 1268 Words

Zora Hurston focuses on many themes throughout her novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God, one of them being the development of gender roles. While it may seem that the novel is a story of one woman discovering herself on her own, an underlying theme is how people’s identities are determined by their relationships. Through a multitude of relationships in the novel Hurston develops the different roles of men and women within a relationship. In Zora Hurston’s novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God, Hurston emphasizes the development of gender roles to suggest that society views the people involved based on the role they play in their various relationships. Throughout the novel Hurston establishes the stereotypical gender roles within relationships. Nanny has many expectations for Janie given that Janie is a grown woman. â€Å"‘Yeah, Janie, youse got yo’ womanhood on yuh. So Ah mout ez well tell yuh whut Ah been savin’ up for uh spell. Ah ants to see you mar ried right away† (Hurston 12). Being a woman, Nanny expects Janie to be married off early and stay in that relationship for the rest of her life. Hurston also establishes common male roles, one being that the man is in charge. In Janie’s marriage to Logan, Logan provides Janie with everything she needs- food, shelter, and land. ‘â€Å"And, Janie, maybe it wasn’t much, but Ah done de best Ah kin by you. Ah raked and scraped and bought dis lil piece uh land so you wouldn’t have to stay in de white folks’ yard and tuck yo’ head befo’ otherShow MoreRelatedTheir Eyes Were Watching God1064 Words   |  5 Pagessignificant than death. In Zora Neale Hurston’s famous novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God, the main character Janie Crawford is plagued by the deaths of loved ones. Janie moves from caregiver to caregiver searching for true love and happiness, only to have it stripped away from her once she finds it in her third husband Tea Cake. At the end of the novel, having realized true love and loss, Janie is a whole woman. Their Eyes Were Watching God portrays the growth of the human spirit through both the emotionalRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God1780 Words   |  8 Pagesshort story â€Å"Sweat† and novel Their Eyes Were Watching God, the focus is on women who want better lives but face difficult struggles before gaining them. The difficulties involving men which Janie and Delia incur result from or are exacerbated by the intersection of their class, race, and gender, which restrict each woman for a large part of her life from gaining her independence. Throughout a fair part of Zora Neal Hurston’s novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God, Janie’s low class create problemsRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God932 Words   |  4 PagesJanie Crawford: The Woman Whose Clothing Conveys Her Relationships In Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God, the protagonist, Janie, endures two marriages before finding true love. In each of Janie’s marriages, a particular article of clothing is used to symbolically reflect, not only her attitude at different phases in her life, but how she is treated in each relationship. In Janie’s first marriage with Logan Killicks, an apron is used to symbolize the obligation in her marriage. â€Å"Read MoreAnalysis Of Their Eyes Were Watching God 1061 Words   |  5 PagesDivision: Janie Crawford in Their Eyes Were Watching God Their Eyes Were Watching God was written in 1937 by Zora Neale Hurston. This story follows a young girl by the name of Janie Crawford. Janie Crawford lived with her grandmother in Eatonville, Florida. Janie was 16 Years old when her grandmother caught her kissing a boy out in the yard. After seeing this her grandmother told her she was old enough to get married, and tells her she has found her a husband by the name of Logan. Logan was a muchRead More Eyes Were Watching God Essay711 Words   |  3 Pages Their Eyes Were Watching God provides an enlightening look at the journey of a quot;complete, complex, undiminished human beingquot;, Janie Crawford. Her story, based on self-exploration, self-empowerment, and self-liberation, details her loss and attainment of her innocence and freedom as she constantly learns and grows from her experiences with gender issues, racism, and life. The story centers around an important theme; that personal discoveries and life experiences help a person findRead More Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay1757 Words   |  8 Pages Their Eyes Were Watching God Book Report 1. Title: Their Eyes Were Watching God 2. Author/Date Written: Zora Neale Hurston/1937 3. Country of Author: 4. Characters Janie Mae Crawford- The book’s main character. She is a very strong willed, independent person. She is able to defy a low class, unhappy life because of these factors, even though the environment that she grew up and lived in was never on her side. Pheoby Watson – Janie’s best friend in Eatonville. Pheoby is the only towns person whoRead MoreWhose eyes were watching God?1400 Words   |  6 PagesWhose eyes were watching God? In the movie Their Eyes Were Watching God, Oprah Winfrey manipulates events that happened in the book by Zora Neale Hurston. Oprah morphs many relationships in the movie Their Eyes Were Watching God. She changes the role of gender, and also makes changes in Janie’s character strength. Oprah also changes the symbolism in the movie to where some important symbols in the book change to less important roles. Oprah changes many important events in the book Their Eyes WereRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God Essay724 Words   |  3 PagesTHEIR EYES WERE WATCHING GOD ESSAY  ¬Ã‚ ¬ Janie Crawford is surrounded by outward influences that contradict her independence and personal development. These outward influences from society, her grandma, and even significant others contribute to her curiosity. Tension builds between outward conformity and inward questioning, allowing Zora Neal Hurston to illustrate the challenge of choice and accountability that Janie faces throughout the novel. Janie’s Grandma plays an important outward influenceRead MoreEssay on Their Eyes Were Watching God921 Words   |  4 PagesTheir Eyes Were Watching God An Analysis So many people in modern society have lost their voices. Laryngitis is not the cause of this sad situation-- they silence themselves, and have been doing so for decades. For many, not having a voice is acceptable socially and internally, because it frees them from the responsibility of having to maintain opinions. For Janie Crawford, it was not: she finds her voice among those lost within the pages of Zora Neale Hurston’s famed novel, Their Eyes Were WatchingRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God By Zora Hurston Essay1233 Words   |  5 PagesHurston In the novel â€Å"Their Eyes Were Watching God† by Zora Neal Hurston is about a young woman named Janie Crawford who goes on a journey of self discovery to find her independence. The book touches on many themes like gender roles, relations, independence and racism however racism isn’t mainly focused upon in the book which some writers felt should have been. Some felt that the representation of black characters should have been better role models. Zora Hurston’s novel wasn’t like other black literature

PLATE TECTONICS PAPER Essay Example For Students

PLATE TECTONICS PAPER Essay In 1912 Alfred Wegener, a meteorologist, revived a theory that the continents of the eastern and western hemispheres were once joined. Wegener, along with his followers showed how the east coast of the Americas align with the westside of the Old World, a coincidence that Leonardo da Vinci commented upon. But no one could come up with a convincing way to push, shove, or drift whole continents for thousands of kilometers. It was thought that the deep granite continental masses must somehow plow right through the bedrock of the seafloors. Calculations of energy required produced forbidding estimates, it seemed impossible despite the evidence at hand. In the past ten years a revelation swept through geology and vindicated Wegener, he didnt imagine the mechanism that caused continental drift. The theory of plate tectonics emerged. The Earths crust is divided into two types of terrain: Continents, which occupy about 40 percent of the Earths surface and non-continents, which is generally deep ocean. Continental crust is lighter, thicker, and much older. Some thats been found is more than 3 billion years old. The oldest rock under the open sea is only 150 to 250 million years old and much younger. The seashore and the edge of the continent should not be confused. Much of the continents are submerged in shelves extending hundreds of kilometers offshore to a depth of several hundred meters where the continental slope begins. Theres a stiff outer rind below the continent and non- continent which is called the lithosphere and is about 100 kilometers thick. Below that is the plastic, the asthenosphere, the thickness difference between the continents and the non-continents is shown by how deep the continents ride into the lithosphere. They are like icebergs with crust extending 35 to 40 kilometers deep, most of it is g ranite and granulate rocks. More than 75 percent of the continents lie between sea level and about two kilometers in height, while 75 percent of the seabottom lies at the rather great depth of three to six kilometers below sea level. After World War II it was discovered that sediments became progressively thicker away from the mid-Atlantic ridge. The reason was not clear it could be that the sea floor furthest from the ridge was oldest, or something was causing a faster sedimentation rate away from the ridge and near the continents. The conclusive evidence that the whole lot of it ocean floors, continents, islands and all are constantly shifting around like ducks in a pond was assembled in the mid-1960s by a team of Cambridge University geologists. The theory of plate tectonics was rapidly assembled: As fast as sea floor comes out of ocean ridges it has to be consumed somewhere. The stiff sheet of lithosphere that appears in the ridges goes down in subduction zones usually marked by deep trenches in the ocean floor. Often the trenches are near continental margins. The continents move and shift, crash into each other from opposite sides of subduction zones, even split apart when spreading zones open across them, but they never go down into the Earth. A common theory is connected to the observation the as the ocean floor moves away from the spreading zones, it drops to progressively greater depths. The Earth is divided into six major plates and a number of smaller ones. Each has three types of boundaries: spreading zones, subduction zones, and shear zones.